Already 25 years ago it was known that malaria pigment (hemozoin, Hz, biocrystallized heme) is not an inert material. Crude pigment, as present in infected erythrocytes and shed after schizont rupture, may be considered the 'natural diet' ingested by macrophages in infected blood. Hemozoin is a powerful source of radicals, necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins 1 and 6. Arese P, Schwarzer E. Malarial pigment (haemozoin): a very active 'inert' substance. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997 Jul;91(5):501-16. doi: 10.1080/00034989760879. PMID:...

Several papers indicate that piperaquine compared to other antimalarials leads to a high level of recrudescence and a higher gametocytogenesis. Gametes are even generatd by piperaquine in asymptomatic patients with low asexual parasite densities. Reuling IJ, van de Schans LA, Sauerwein RW, Bousema T. A randomized feasibility trial comparing four antimalarial drug regimens to induce Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia in the controlled human malaria infection model. Elife. 2018 Feb 27;7:e31549. Pasay CJ, Rockett R, Sekuloski S, et al....

Submitted by Pascal Gisenya and Pierre Lutgen on 12/06/2021 In 2014, the blog « Artequick programmed for failure » on www.malariaworld.org had started a heated debate. Meanwhile several mass drug administration trials have failed, the largest one performed in the Comoros by a Chinese company. This does not prevent other people to use Africans as guinea pigs for further mass drug administration trials with the same ACTs. Okebe, J., Dabira, E., Jaiteh, F. Koen Peeters Grietens & Umberto D’Alessandro. Reactive, self-administered...

Submitted by Pascal Gisenya and Pierre Lutgen on 12/06/2021 In 2014, the blog « Artequick programmed for failure » on www.malariaworld.org had started a heated debate. Meanwhile several mass drug administration trials have failed, the largest one performed in the Comoros by a Chinese company. This does not prevent other people to use Africans as guinea pigs for further mass drug administration trials with the same ACTs. Okebe, J., Dabira, E., Jaiteh, F. Koen Peeters Grietens & Umberto D’Alessandro. Reactive, self-administered...

Pascal Gisenya, Nsengiyumva Bati Daddy, Jérôme Munyangi, Mutaz Akkawi, Pierre Lutgen Already 30 years ago it was known that human monocytes which have ingested hemozoin are unable to neutralize pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and tumor cells, and that macrophage responses decline during the course of human and animal malaria. Hemozoin (Hz) is a biocrystal synthesized by Plasmodium and other blood-feeding parasites to avoid the toxicity of free heme derived from the digestion of hemoglobin during invasion of the erythrocytes. Schwarzer...